200 lines
6.1 KiB
Vue
200 lines
6.1 KiB
Vue
|
|
<!--
|
|||
|
|
SystemDesignStepsDemo.vue
|
|||
|
|
系统设计步骤交互演示:展示系统设计面试/实战的标准流程
|
|||
|
|
-->
|
|||
|
|
<template>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="design-steps-demo">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="header">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="title">系统设计四步法</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="subtitle">点击每个步骤查看详细内容</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div class="steps">
|
|||
|
|
<div
|
|||
|
|
v-for="(step, i) in steps"
|
|||
|
|
:key="step.key"
|
|||
|
|
:class="['step-card', { active: activeStep === step.key }]"
|
|||
|
|
@click="activeStep = step.key"
|
|||
|
|
>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="step-number">{{ i + 1 }}</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="step-name">{{ step.name }}</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="step-time">{{ step.time }}</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<div v-if="current" class="detail-panel">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="detail-title">{{ current.name }}</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="detail-desc">{{ current.desc }}</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="checklist">
|
|||
|
|
<div v-for="(item, i) in current.checklist" :key="i" class="check-item">
|
|||
|
|
<span class="check-icon">✓</span>
|
|||
|
|
<span>{{ item }}</span>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="detail-example">
|
|||
|
|
<span class="label">示例(设计短链服务):</span>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="example-text">{{ current.example }}</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</template>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<script setup>
|
|||
|
|
import { ref, computed } from 'vue'
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
const activeStep = ref('requirements')
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
const steps = [
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
key: 'requirements',
|
|||
|
|
name: '需求澄清',
|
|||
|
|
time: '~5 分钟',
|
|||
|
|
desc: '不要急着画架构图。先搞清楚:系统要解决什么问题?用户规模多大?有哪些核心功能?有哪些非功能需求?',
|
|||
|
|
checklist: [
|
|||
|
|
'核心功能有哪些?(MVP 范围)',
|
|||
|
|
'用户规模?DAU / QPS 预估',
|
|||
|
|
'读写比例?读多写少还是写多读少?',
|
|||
|
|
'数据量级?需要存多少数据?',
|
|||
|
|
'可用性要求?几个 9?',
|
|||
|
|
'延迟要求?P99 要多少毫秒?'
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
example: '短链服务:生成短链(写)+ 重定向(读),读写比约 100:1,日均 1 亿次重定向,短链永不过期。'
|
|||
|
|
},
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
key: 'estimation',
|
|||
|
|
name: '容量估算',
|
|||
|
|
time: '~5 分钟',
|
|||
|
|
desc: '用"信封背面估算"(Back-of-envelope estimation)快速计算系统需要的资源量级,为后续架构决策提供数据支撑。',
|
|||
|
|
checklist: [
|
|||
|
|
'QPS 估算:日请求量 / 86400',
|
|||
|
|
'存储估算:单条数据大小 × 总量',
|
|||
|
|
'带宽估算:QPS × 单次响应大小',
|
|||
|
|
'缓存估算:热点数据量(通常 20% 数据承载 80% 请求)',
|
|||
|
|
'峰值估算:平均 QPS × 峰值系数(通常 2-5 倍)'
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
example: '1 亿次/天 ≈ 1200 QPS,峰值 ≈ 3600 QPS。每条短链 100 字节,5 年 = 1.8 亿条 ≈ 18GB。缓存热点 20% ≈ 3.6GB,一台 Redis 足够。'
|
|||
|
|
},
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
key: 'design',
|
|||
|
|
name: '架构设计',
|
|||
|
|
time: '~15 分钟',
|
|||
|
|
desc: '画出核心组件和数据流。先画最简单的版本(单机),再根据需求逐步演进(加缓存、分库分表、CDN 等)。',
|
|||
|
|
checklist: [
|
|||
|
|
'API 设计:定义核心接口的输入输出',
|
|||
|
|
'数据模型:设计核心表结构',
|
|||
|
|
'核心组件:Web 服务、数据库、缓存、消息队列',
|
|||
|
|
'数据流:请求从用户到数据库的完整路径',
|
|||
|
|
'读写分离:读路径和写路径分开考虑'
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
example: '写路径:客户端 → API → 生成短码(Base62) → 写入 MySQL + Redis。读路径:客户端 → CDN → API → Redis 查询 → 302 重定向。'
|
|||
|
|
},
|
|||
|
|
{
|
|||
|
|
key: 'deep-dive',
|
|||
|
|
name: '深入优化',
|
|||
|
|
time: '~10 分钟',
|
|||
|
|
desc: '针对系统的瓶颈和关键问题进行深入讨论。这是展示技术深度的环节。',
|
|||
|
|
checklist: [
|
|||
|
|
'如何保证短码唯一性?(哈希冲突处理)',
|
|||
|
|
'如何应对热点?(缓存、CDN)',
|
|||
|
|
'如何水平扩展?(分库分表策略)',
|
|||
|
|
'如何保证高可用?(主备、多可用区)',
|
|||
|
|
'如何监控和告警?(关键指标)',
|
|||
|
|
'安全考虑?(防刷、恶意链接检测)'
|
|||
|
|
],
|
|||
|
|
example: '短码生成:用分布式 ID 生成器(Snowflake)+ Base62 编码,避免哈希冲突。热点短链用多级缓存(本地缓存 + Redis + CDN)。'
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
const current = computed(() => steps.find(s => s.key === activeStep.value))
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<style scoped>
|
|||
|
|
.design-steps-demo {
|
|||
|
|
border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
|
|||
|
|
background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 1.5rem;
|
|||
|
|
margin: 1.5rem 0;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.header { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
|
|||
|
|
.title { font-weight: 700; font-size: 1.1rem; }
|
|||
|
|
.subtitle { color: var(--vp-c-text-2); font-size: 0.9rem; }
|
|||
|
|
.steps {
|
|||
|
|
display: grid;
|
|||
|
|
grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
|
|||
|
|
gap: 0.5rem;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 1rem;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
@media (max-width: 640px) {
|
|||
|
|
.steps { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.step-card {
|
|||
|
|
padding: 0.6rem;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
cursor: pointer;
|
|||
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|||
|
|
background: var(--vp-c-bg);
|
|||
|
|
border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
|
|||
|
|
transition: all 0.2s;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.step-card:hover { border-color: var(--vp-c-brand); }
|
|||
|
|
.step-card.active {
|
|||
|
|
border-color: var(--vp-c-brand);
|
|||
|
|
background: rgba(var(--vp-c-brand-rgb), 0.05);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.step-number {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 1.2rem;
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 800;
|
|||
|
|
color: var(--vp-c-brand);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.step-name { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.85rem; }
|
|||
|
|
.step-time {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 0.72rem;
|
|||
|
|
color: var(--vp-c-text-3);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.detail-panel {
|
|||
|
|
background: var(--vp-c-bg);
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 1rem;
|
|||
|
|
border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.detail-title {
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 700;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 0.95rem;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.detail-desc {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 0.82rem;
|
|||
|
|
color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.checklist {
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
flex-direction: column;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 0.3rem;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.check-item {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 0.8rem;
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 0.4rem;
|
|||
|
|
align-items: flex-start;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.check-icon {
|
|||
|
|
color: var(--vp-c-brand);
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 700;
|
|||
|
|
flex-shrink: 0;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.detail-example {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 0.82rem;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 0.5rem;
|
|||
|
|
background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 6px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.example-text {
|
|||
|
|
color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
|
|||
|
|
margin-top: 0.25rem;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
.label { font-weight: 600; color: var(--vp-c-text-2); }
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|