sanbuphy
7538228113
## 文档重构 (docs/zh-cn/appendix/5-data/data-models.md) - 将原有电商系统实战内容移至第6节，新增系统性的数据模型选型指南 - 新增5种核心数据模型的详细介绍： 1. 关系模型 (Relational) - MySQL/PostgreSQL 2. 文档模型 (Document) - MongoDB/DynamoDB 3. 图模型 (Graph) - Neo4j/Amazon Neptune 4. 时序模型 (Time-Series) - InfluxDB/TimescaleDB 5. 向量模型 (Vector) - Pinecone/Milvus/pgvector - 每种模型包含：核心概念、适用场景、对比表格、选型建议 - 新增选型决策章节，提供清晰的决策矩阵 - 添加实战建议：现代系统应采用多模型混用策略 ## 交互式组件 (docs/.vitepress/theme/components/appendix/data/DataModelsDemo.vue) - 完全重写 DataModelsDemo 组件，支持5种数据模型的交互式展示 - 新增 Tab 切换界面，用户可直观对比不同模型 - 为每种模型添加特色可视化： - 关系模型：ER图示意 + 范式设计 - 文档模型：JSON 结构展示 + 嵌套层级 - 图模型：节点-边关系可视化 - 时序模型：时间序列数据表格 - 向量模型：Embedding 向量相似度演示 - 组件特性： - 响应式布局，支持移动端 - VitePress 主题变量适配 - 优缺点标签化展示 - 典型用例场景列举 ## 技术细节 - 使用 CSS Grid 和 Flexbox 实现紧凑布局 - 遵循 VitePress 设计系统（CSS 变量） - 组件采用 Vue 3 Composition API 编写
514 lines
14 KiB
Vue
514 lines
14 KiB
Vue
<template>
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<div class="data-models-demo">
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<div class="demo-header">
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<span class="icon">🗂️</span>
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<span class="title">数据模型全景</span>
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<span class="subtitle">四种主流数据模型对比</span>
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</div>
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<div class="intro-text">
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不是所有数据都适合塞进<span class="highlight">关系型表格</span>。社交网络的人脉关系、IoT 设备的时间流水、AI 搜索的语义向量——不同的数据形态需要不同的<span class="highlight">建模方式</span>。
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</div>
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<div v-if="!props.tab" class="tabs">
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<button
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v-for="t in tabs"
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:key="t.id"
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:class="['tab', { active: active === t.id }]"
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@click="active = t.id"
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>
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{{ t.name }}
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</button>
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</div>
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<!-- 文档模型 -->
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<div v-if="active === 'document'" class="model-panel">
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<div class="panel-header">
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<span class="panel-icon">📄</span>
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<span class="panel-title">文档模型 (Document)</span>
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<span class="panel-badge">MongoDB / DynamoDB</span>
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</div>
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<div class="panel-desc">数据以 JSON 文档存储，每条记录可以有不同的字段结构，天然适合<strong>嵌套、半结构化</strong>数据。</div>
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<div class="code-block">
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<pre><code>{
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"_id": "user_1001",
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"name": "张三",
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"tags": ["VIP", "活跃"],
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"address": {
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"city": "北京",
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"district": "朝阳区"
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},
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"orders": [
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{ "id": "o1", "amount": 299 },
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{ "id": "o2", "amount": 599 }
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]
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}</code></pre>
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</div>
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<div class="traits">
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<div class="trait good">无需预定义 Schema，字段随时扩展</div>
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<div class="trait good">嵌套数据一次读取，无需 JOIN</div>
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<div class="trait bad">跨文档关联查询较弱</div>
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</div>
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<div class="use-cases">
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<span class="use-label">典型场景：</span>
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<span class="use-tag">用户画像</span>
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<span class="use-tag">CMS 内容</span>
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<span class="use-tag">商品目录</span>
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<span class="use-tag">配置中心</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 图模型 -->
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<div v-if="active === 'graph'" class="model-panel">
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<div class="panel-header">
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<span class="panel-icon">🕸️</span>
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<span class="panel-title">图模型 (Graph)</span>
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<span class="panel-badge">Neo4j / Neptune</span>
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</div>
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<div class="panel-desc">数据由<strong>节点</strong>和<strong>边</strong>组成，专门表达实体之间的复杂关系网络。</div>
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<div class="graph-viz">
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<div class="graph-nodes">
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<div class="g-node user" style="grid-area: a">张三</div>
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<div class="g-node user" style="grid-area: b">李四</div>
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<div class="g-node user" style="grid-area: c">王五</div>
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<div class="g-node item" style="grid-area: d">iPhone</div>
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</div>
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<div class="graph-edges">
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<div class="g-edge">张三 —<span class="edge-label">关注</span>→ 李四</div>
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<div class="g-edge">李四 —<span class="edge-label">关注</span>→ 王五</div>
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<div class="g-edge">张三 —<span class="edge-label">购买</span>→ iPhone</div>
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<div class="g-edge">王五 —<span class="edge-label">购买</span>→ iPhone</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="traits">
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<div class="trait good">多跳关系查询极快（朋友的朋友）</div>
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<div class="trait good">关系本身可以携带属性</div>
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<div class="trait bad">不擅长大规模聚合统计</div>
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</div>
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<div class="use-cases">
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<span class="use-label">典型场景：</span>
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<span class="use-tag">社交网络</span>
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<span class="use-tag">推荐系统</span>
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<span class="use-tag">知识图谱</span>
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<span class="use-tag">欺诈检测</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 时序模型 -->
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<div v-if="active === 'timeseries'" class="model-panel">
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<div class="panel-header">
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<span class="panel-icon">📈</span>
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<span class="panel-title">时序模型 (Time-Series)</span>
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<span class="panel-badge">InfluxDB / TimescaleDB</span>
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</div>
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<div class="panel-desc">以<strong>时间戳</strong>为主轴，针对按时间顺序写入、按时间范围查询的场景深度优化。</div>
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<div class="ts-table">
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<div class="ts-row ts-header">
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<span>timestamp</span>
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<span>device</span>
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<span>cpu_usage</span>
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<span>memory</span>
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</div>
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<div v-for="row in tsData" :key="row.ts" class="ts-row">
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<span class="ts-time">{{ row.ts }}</span>
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<span>{{ row.device }}</span>
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<span :class="row.cpu > 80 ? 'val-high' : 'val-normal'">{{ row.cpu }}%</span>
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<span>{{ row.mem }}GB</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="traits">
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<div class="trait good">写入吞吐极高（百万点/秒）</div>
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<div class="trait good">内置降采样、自动过期策略</div>
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<div class="trait bad">不支持复杂关联查询</div>
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</div>
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<div class="use-cases">
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<span class="use-label">典型场景：</span>
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<span class="use-tag">服务器监控</span>
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<span class="use-tag">IoT 传感器</span>
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<span class="use-tag">金融行情</span>
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<span class="use-tag">日志分析</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- 向量模型 -->
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<div v-if="active === 'vector'" class="model-panel">
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<div class="panel-header">
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<span class="panel-icon">🧠</span>
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<span class="panel-title">向量模型 (Vector)</span>
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<span class="panel-badge">Pinecone / Milvus / pgvector</span>
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</div>
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<div class="panel-desc">将文本、图片等非结构化数据转为<strong>高维向量</strong>，通过计算向量距离实现语义相似度搜索。</div>
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<div class="vector-viz">
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<div class="vec-query">
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<div class="vec-label">查询："好吃的日料"</div>
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<div class="vec-arrow">→ Embedding →</div>
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<div class="vec-nums">[0.82, 0.15, 0.91, ...]</div>
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</div>
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<div class="vec-results">
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<div class="vec-result" v-for="r in vecResults" :key="r.text">
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<span class="vec-score" :style="{ opacity: r.score }">{{ (r.score * 100).toFixed(0) }}%</span>
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<span class="vec-text">{{ r.text }}</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="traits">
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<div class="trait good">语义搜索，理解"意思"而非关键词</div>
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<div class="trait good">支持多模态（文本、图片、音频）</div>
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<div class="trait bad">向量生成依赖 Embedding 模型质量</div>
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</div>
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<div class="use-cases">
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<span class="use-label">典型场景：</span>
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<span class="use-tag">RAG 检索增强</span>
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<span class="use-tag">以图搜图</span>
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<span class="use-tag">语义搜索</span>
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<span class="use-tag">推荐系统</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="info-box">
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<span class="icon">💡</span>
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<strong>选型原则：</strong>没有万能数据库。关系型（MySQL/PostgreSQL）仍是大多数业务的基石，但当数据形态明确偏向文档、图、时序或向量时，选择专用模型能获得<span class="highlight">数量级的性能提升</span>。
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</div>
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</div>
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</template>
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<script setup>
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import { ref } from 'vue'
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const props = defineProps({ tab: { type: String, default: '' } })
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const active = ref(props.tab || 'document')
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const tabs = [
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{ id: 'document', name: '📄 文档' },
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{ id: 'graph', name: '🕸️ 图' },
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{ id: 'timeseries', name: '📈 时序' },
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{ id: 'vector', name: '🧠 向量' }
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]
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const tsData = [
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{ ts: '10:00:01', device: 'server-01', cpu: 45, mem: 12.3 },
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{ ts: '10:00:02', device: 'server-01', cpu: 67, mem: 12.5 },
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{ ts: '10:00:03', device: 'server-01', cpu: 92, mem: 14.1 },
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{ ts: '10:00:04', device: 'server-02', cpu: 23, mem: 8.2 },
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{ ts: '10:00:05', device: 'server-02', cpu: 85, mem: 9.7 }
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]
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const vecResults = [
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{ text: '银座寿司之神 — 顶级 omakase', score: 0.96 },
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{ text: '新宿拉面一条街 — 浓厚豚骨汤底', score: 0.82 },
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{ text: '居酒屋深夜食堂 — 烤串与清酒', score: 0.75 },
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{ text: '意大利手工披萨 — 窑烤玛格丽特', score: 0.31 }
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]
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</script>
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<style scoped>
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.data-models-demo {
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border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
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border-radius: 6px;
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background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
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padding: 0.75rem;
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margin: 0.5rem 0;
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}
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.demo-header {
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display: flex;
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align-items: center;
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gap: 0.5rem;
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margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
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}
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.demo-header .icon { font-size: 1.25rem; }
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.demo-header .title { font-weight: bold; font-size: 1rem; }
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.demo-header .subtitle { color: var(--vp-c-text-2); font-size: 0.85rem; margin-left: 0.5rem; }
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.intro-text {
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font-size: 0.9rem;
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color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
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line-height: 1.6;
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margin-bottom: 1rem;
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padding: 0.75rem;
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background: var(--vp-c-bg);
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border-radius: 6px;
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}
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.intro-text .highlight {
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color: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
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font-weight: 500;
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}
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.tabs {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
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gap: 0.5rem;
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margin-bottom: 1rem;
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}
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.tab {
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padding: 0.5rem;
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background: var(--vp-c-bg);
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border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
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border-radius: 6px;
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cursor: pointer;
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font-size: 0.85rem;
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text-align: center;
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transition: all 0.2s;
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}
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.tab:hover { background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft); }
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.tab.active { background: var(--vp-c-brand-soft); border-color: var(--vp-c-brand); }
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@media (max-width: 640px) {
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.tabs { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
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}
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/* Panel */
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.model-panel {
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background: var(--vp-c-bg);
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border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
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border-radius: 6px;
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padding: 0.75rem;
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margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
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}
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.panel-header {
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display: flex;
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align-items: center;
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gap: 0.5rem;
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margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
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}
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.panel-icon { font-size: 1.25rem; }
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.panel-title { font-weight: 600; font-size: 0.9rem; flex: 1; }
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.panel-badge {
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font-size: 0.7rem;
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padding: 2px 6px;
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border-radius: 4px;
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background: var(--vp-c-brand-soft);
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color: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
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}
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.panel-desc {
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font-size: 0.85rem;
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color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
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line-height: 1.5;
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margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
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}
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/* Code block */
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.code-block {
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background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
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border-radius: 4px;
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padding: 0.75rem;
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margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
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overflow-x: auto;
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}
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.code-block code {
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font-family: var(--vp-font-family-mono);
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font-size: 0.75rem;
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color: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
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line-height: 1.5;
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}
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/* Traits */
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.traits {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: column;
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gap: 4px;
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margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
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}
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.trait {
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font-size: 0.8rem;
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padding: 4px 8px;
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border-radius: 4px;
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line-height: 1.4;
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}
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.trait.good {
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background: rgba(34, 197, 94, 0.08);
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color: #16a34a;
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}
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.trait.good::before { content: '✓ '; font-weight: 600; }
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.trait.bad {
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background: rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.08);
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color: #dc2626;
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}
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.trait.bad::before { content: '✗ '; font-weight: 600; }
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/* Use cases */
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.use-cases {
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display: flex;
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flex-wrap: wrap;
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align-items: center;
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gap: 0.5rem;
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font-size: 0.8rem;
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}
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.use-label { color: var(--vp-c-text-3); }
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.use-tag {
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padding: 2px 8px;
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background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
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border-radius: 4px;
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color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
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font-size: 0.75rem;
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}
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/* Graph viz */
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.graph-viz {
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margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
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}
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.graph-nodes {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-areas: 'a . b' '. d .' 'c . .';
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gap: 0.5rem;
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margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
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}
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.g-node {
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padding: 6px 12px;
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border-radius: 20px;
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text-align: center;
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font-size: 0.8rem;
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font-weight: 500;
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}
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.g-node.user {
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background: var(--vp-c-brand-soft);
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color: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
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border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-brand);
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}
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.g-node.item {
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background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
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color: #d97706;
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border: 1px solid #f59e0b;
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}
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.graph-edges {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
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gap: 4px;
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}
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@media (max-width: 640px) {
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.graph-edges { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
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}
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.g-edge {
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font-size: 0.75rem;
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color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
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padding: 4px 8px;
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background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
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border-radius: 4px;
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}
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.edge-label {
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color: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
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font-weight: 500;
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margin: 0 2px;
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}
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||
|
||
/* Time-series table */
|
||
.ts-table {
|
||
border: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
|
||
border-radius: 4px;
|
||
overflow: hidden;
|
||
margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.ts-row {
|
||
display: grid;
|
||
grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr 0.8fr 0.8fr;
|
||
font-size: 0.75rem;
|
||
border-bottom: 1px solid var(--vp-c-divider);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.ts-row:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
|
||
|
||
.ts-row span {
|
||
padding: 4px 8px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.ts-header {
|
||
background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
|
||
font-weight: 600;
|
||
color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.ts-time {
|
||
font-family: var(--vp-font-family-mono);
|
||
color: var(--vp-c-text-3);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.val-high { color: #ef4444; font-weight: 600; }
|
||
.val-normal { color: #22c55e; }
|
||
|
||
/* Vector viz */
|
||
.vector-viz {
|
||
margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.vec-query {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
align-items: center;
|
||
gap: 0.5rem;
|
||
flex-wrap: wrap;
|
||
margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
|
||
padding: 0.5rem;
|
||
background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
|
||
border-radius: 4px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.vec-label { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--vp-c-text-1); font-weight: 500; }
|
||
.vec-arrow { font-size: 0.75rem; color: var(--vp-c-text-3); }
|
||
.vec-nums { font-family: var(--vp-font-family-mono); font-size: 0.7rem; color: var(--vp-c-brand-1); }
|
||
|
||
.vec-results {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
flex-direction: column;
|
||
gap: 4px;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.vec-result {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
align-items: center;
|
||
gap: 0.5rem;
|
||
padding: 4px 8px;
|
||
background: var(--vp-c-bg-soft);
|
||
border-radius: 4px;
|
||
font-size: 0.8rem;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.vec-score {
|
||
font-weight: 600;
|
||
color: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
|
||
min-width: 36px;
|
||
text-align: right;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.vec-text { color: var(--vp-c-text-2); }
|
||
|
||
/* Info box */
|
||
.info-box {
|
||
background: var(--vp-c-bg-alt);
|
||
padding: 0.75rem;
|
||
border-radius: 6px;
|
||
font-size: 0.85rem;
|
||
color: var(--vp-c-text-2);
|
||
line-height: 1.5;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
.info-box .icon { margin-right: 0.25rem; }
|
||
|
||
.info-box .highlight {
|
||
color: var(--vp-c-brand-1);
|
||
font-weight: 500;
|
||
}
|
||
</style>
|