545 lines
12 KiB
Vue
545 lines
12 KiB
Vue
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<template>
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<div class="cache-demo">
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<div class="demo-header">
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<span class="title">缓存 (Cache) 原理</span>
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<span class="subtitle">CPU 与内存之间的"桥梁"</span>
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</div>
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<div class="cache-visualization">
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<div class="cache-levels">
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<div class="level cpu-level">
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<div class="level-label">CPU 核心</div>
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<div class="level-icon">⚡</div>
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</div>
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<div class="arrow-right">→</div>
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<div class="level l1-cache" :class="{ active: activeLevel === 'L1' }">
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<div class="level-label">L1 缓存</div>
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<div class="level-info">
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<span class="size">64 KB</span>
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<span class="speed">~1ns</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="arrow-right">→</div>
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<div class="level l2-cache" :class="{ active: activeLevel === 'L2' }">
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<div class="level-label">L2 缓存</div>
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<div class="level-info">
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<span class="size">256 KB</span>
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<span class="speed">~5ns</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="arrow-right">→</div>
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<div class="level l3-cache" :class="{ active: activeLevel === 'L3' }">
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<div class="level-label">L3 缓存</div>
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<div class="level-info">
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<span class="size">8 MB</span>
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<span class="speed">~15ns</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="arrow-right">→</div>
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<div class="level memory" :class="{ active: activeLevel === 'MEM' }">
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<div class="level-label">主存</div>
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<div class="level-info">
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<span class="size">16 GB</span>
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<span class="speed">~100ns</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="cache-operation">
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<div class="control-panel">
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<div class="panel-title">缓存操作演示</div>
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<div class="btn-group">
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<button class="btn" @click="simulateRead(100)">读取地址 100</button>
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<button class="btn" @click="simulateRead(104)">读取地址 104</button>
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<button class="btn" @click="simulateRead(200)">读取地址 200</button>
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<button class="btn" @click="simulateRead(108)">读取地址 108</button>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="operation-log">
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<div class="log-title">操作记录</div>
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<div class="log-content">
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<div v-for="(log, i) in logs" :key="i" :class="['log-item', log.type]">
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<span class="log-time">T+{{ log.time }}ns</span>
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<span class="log-text">{{ log.text }}</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="locality-explanation">
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<div class="exp-title">为什么缓存有效？—— 局部性原理</div>
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<div class="locality-grid">
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<div class="locality-card">
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<div class="locality-icon">⏱️</div>
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<div class="locality-name">时间局部性</div>
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<div class="locality-desc">刚访问的数据很可能再次被访问</div>
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<div class="locality-example">循环中的变量</div>
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</div>
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<div class="locality-card">
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<div class="locality-icon">📦</div>
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<div class="locality-name">空间局部性</div>
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<div class="locality-desc">访问某个数据后，附近的数据也可能被访问</div>
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<div class="locality-example">数组遍历、顺序执行</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="cache-mapping">
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<div class="mapping-title">缓存映射方式</div>
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<div class="mapping-tabs">
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<button
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v-for="map in mappings"
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:key="map.type"
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:class="['map-btn', { active: selectedMapping === map.type }]"
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@click="selectedMapping = map.type"
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>
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{{ map.type }}
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</button>
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</div>
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<div class="mapping-details" v-if="selectedMappingData">
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<div class="mapping-desc">{{ selectedMappingData.desc }}</div>
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<div class="mapping-compare">
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<div class="compare-item">
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<span class="compare-label">速度</span>
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<span class="compare-value fast">{{ selectedMappingData.speed }}</span>
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</div>
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<div class="compare-item">
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<span class="compare-label">命中率</span>
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<span class="compare-value">{{ selectedMappingData.hitRate }}</span>
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</div>
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<div class="compare-item">
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<span class="compare-label">实现复杂度</span>
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<span class="compare-value">{{ selectedMappingData.complexity }}</span>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="hit-rate-calc">
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<div class="calc-title">命中率计算</div>
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<div class="calc-formula">
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<span class="formula">平均访问时间 = H × T<sub>c</sub> + (1-H) × T<sub>m</sub></span>
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</div>
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<div class="calc-example">
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<div class="calc-row">
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<label>缓存访问时间 (Tc):</label>
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<input type="range" v-model="tc" min="1" max="10" />
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<span>{{ tc }} ns</span>
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</div>
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<div class="calc-row">
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<label>内存访问时间 (Tm):</label>
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<input type="range" v-model="tm" min="50" max="200" />
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<span>{{ tm }} ns</span>
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</div>
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<div class="calc-row">
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<label>命中率 (H):</label>
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<input type="range" v-model="hitRate" min="0" max="100" />
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<span>{{ hitRate }}%</span>
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</div>
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<div class="calc-result">
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平均访问时间 = {{ avgTime }} ns
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</template>
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<script setup>
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import { ref, computed } from 'vue'
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const activeLevel = ref('')
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const logs = ref([])
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const tc = ref(2)
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const tm = ref(100)
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const hitRate = ref(90)
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const selectedMapping = ref('直接映射')
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const mappings = ref([
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{
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type: '直接映射',
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desc: '每个主存块只能映射到唯一的缓存行',
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speed: '最快',
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hitRate: '较低',
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complexity: '最低'
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},
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{
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type: '组相联',
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desc: '每个主存块可以映射到 N 个缓存行（N路组相联）',
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speed: '较快',
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hitRate: '较高',
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complexity: '中等'
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},
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{
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type: '全相联',
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desc: '主存块可以放到任意缓存行中',
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speed: '最慢',
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hitRate: '最高',
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complexity: '最高'
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}
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])
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const selectedMappingData = computed(() => {
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return mappings.value.find(m => m.type === selectedMapping.value)
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})
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const avgTime = computed(() => {
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const h = hitRate.value / 100
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return Math.round(h * tc.value + (1 - h) * tm.value)
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})
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const simulateRead = async (addr) => {
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logs.value = []
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if (addr >= 100 && addr < 110) {
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logs.value.push({ time: 0, text: `读取地址 ${addr}`, type: 'read' })
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activeLevel.value = 'L1'
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logs.value.push({ time: tc.value, text: '✓ L1 缓存命中!', type: 'hit' })
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} else if (addr >= 200 && addr < 210) {
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logs.value.push({ time: 0, text: `读取地址 ${addr}`, type: 'read' })
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activeLevel.value = 'L1'
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logs.value.push({ time: tc.value, text: '✗ L1 缓存未命中', type: 'miss' })
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activeLevel.value = 'L2'
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logs.value.push({ time: tc.value + 5, text: '✗ L2 缓存未命中', type: 'miss' })
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activeLevel.value = 'MEM'
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logs.value.push({ time: tc.value + 5 + 100, text: '从主存加载数据', type: 'load' })
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logs.value.push({ time: tc.value + 5 + 100, text: '数据存入缓存', type: 'store' })
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}
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}
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</script>
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<style scoped>
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.cache-demo {
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background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff 0%, #e0f2fe 100%);
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border-radius: 12px;
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padding: 20px;
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margin: 16px 0;
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}
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.demo-header {
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display: flex;
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align-items: center;
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gap: 12px;
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margin-bottom: 20px;
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}
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.title {
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font-size: 18px;
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font-weight: 700;
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color: #1e293b;
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}
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.subtitle {
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font-size: 13px;
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color: #64748b;
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margin-left: auto;
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}
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.cache-visualization {
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background: white;
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border-radius: 8px;
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padding: 16px;
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margin-bottom: 16px;
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}
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.cache-levels {
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display: flex;
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align-items: center;
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justify-content: space-between;
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gap: 8px;
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}
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.level {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: column;
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align-items: center;
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padding: 12px;
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border-radius: 8px;
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background: #f1f5f9;
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transition: all 0.3s;
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}
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.level.active {
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transform: scale(1.05);
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box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.3);
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}
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.cpu-level {
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background: #fef3c7;
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}
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.l1-cache.active { background: #dbeafe; border: 2px solid #3b82f6; }
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.l2-cache.active { background: #dbeafe; border: 2px solid #2563eb; }
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.l3-cache.active { background: #dbeafe; border: 2px solid #1d4ed8; }
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.memory.active { background: #dcfce7; border: 2px solid #16a34a; }
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.level-label {
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font-size: 11px;
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font-weight: 600;
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color: #1e293b;
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margin-bottom: 4px;
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}
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.level-icon {
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font-size: 24px;
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}
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.level-info {
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display: flex;
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flex-direction: column;
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align-items: center;
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font-size: 10px;
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}
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.size { color: #0369a1; font-weight: 600; }
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.speed { color: #64748b; }
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.arrow-right {
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font-size: 18px;
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color: #94a3b8;
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}
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.cache-operation {
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display: grid;
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grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
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gap: 16px;
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margin-bottom: 16px;
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}
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.control-panel, .operation-log {
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background: white;
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border-radius: 8px;
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padding: 12px;
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}
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.panel-title, .log-title {
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font-size: 14px;
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font-weight: 600;
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color: #1e293b;
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margin-bottom: 12px;
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}
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.btn-group {
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display: flex;
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flex-wrap: wrap;
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gap: 8px;
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}
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.btn {
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padding: 8px 12px;
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background: #3b82f6;
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color: white;
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border: none;
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border-radius: 6px;
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cursor: pointer;
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font-size: 12px;
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}
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.btn:hover {
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background: #2563eb;
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}
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.log-content {
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max-height: 120px;
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overflow-y: auto;
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}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.log-item {
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 4px 0;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 11px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.log-time {
|
|||
|
|
color: #64748b;
|
|||
|
|
min-width: 50px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.log-item.hit .log-text { color: #16a34a; }
|
|||
|
|
.log-item.miss .log-text { color: #ea580c; }
|
|||
|
|
.log-item.load .log-text { color: #0369a1; }
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.locality-explanation {
|
|||
|
|
background: white;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.exp-title {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 14px;
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 600;
|
|||
|
|
color: #1e293b;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.locality-grid {
|
|||
|
|
display: grid;
|
|||
|
|
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.locality-card {
|
|||
|
|
padding: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
background: #f8fafc;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.locality-icon {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 24px;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.locality-name {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 14px;
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 600;
|
|||
|
|
color: #1e293b;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.locality-desc {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 11px;
|
|||
|
|
color: #64748b;
|
|||
|
|
margin: 8px 0;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.locality-example {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 10px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 4px 8px;
|
|||
|
|
background: #e0f2fe;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 4px;
|
|||
|
|
color: #0369a1;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.cache-mapping {
|
|||
|
|
background: white;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.mapping-title {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 14px;
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 600;
|
|||
|
|
color: #1e293b;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.mapping-tabs {
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.map-btn {
|
|||
|
|
padding: 8px 16px;
|
|||
|
|
border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 6px;
|
|||
|
|
background: white;
|
|||
|
|
cursor: pointer;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 13px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.map-btn.active {
|
|||
|
|
border-color: #3b82f6;
|
|||
|
|
background: #eff6ff;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.mapping-desc {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
color: #475569;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.mapping-compare {
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.compare-item {
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
flex-direction: column;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.compare-label {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 10px;
|
|||
|
|
color: #64748b;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.compare-value {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 13px;
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 600;
|
|||
|
|
color: #1e293b;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.compare-value.fast { color: #16a34a; }
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.hit-rate-calc {
|
|||
|
|
background: white;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.calc-title {
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 14px;
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 600;
|
|||
|
|
color: #1e293b;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.calc-formula {
|
|||
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|||
|
|
margin-bottom: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.formula {
|
|||
|
|
font-family: monospace;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 14px;
|
|||
|
|
color: #0369a1;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.calc-example {
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
flex-direction: column;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.calc-row {
|
|||
|
|
display: flex;
|
|||
|
|
align-items: center;
|
|||
|
|
gap: 8px;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.calc-row label {
|
|||
|
|
min-width: 120px;
|
|||
|
|
color: #475569;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.calc-row input {
|
|||
|
|
flex: 1;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
.calc-result {
|
|||
|
|
margin-top: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 12px;
|
|||
|
|
background: #dcfce7;
|
|||
|
|
border-radius: 6px;
|
|||
|
|
text-align: center;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 16px;
|
|||
|
|
font-weight: 700;
|
|||
|
|
color: #166534;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|